Federalism
- Class: 10th
- Subject: Social Science (Political Science)
- Subject: Federalism
- Resources: Notes, Important Questions
Class 10 Social Science (Political Science) Federalism - Get notes here, questions for class 10. Those candidates who are ambitious to pass class 10 with good marks, can check this article for notes, by practicing this resource, the candidates definitely get to know that their weak area and good for the exam How to prepare.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various Constituent units of the country.
features of federalism-
Two or more levels of government :
Federalism is a system of government in which the government power is divided between a central authority and its various constituent units. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country, and the other government at the state or provincial level.
Same citizens separate jurisdiction :
Different tiers of the government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
Superiority of Constitution :
The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of the government are specified in the Constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of the government are constitutionally safeguarded.
Rigid Constitution :
The fundamental provisions of the Constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of the government. Such changes require the consent of the both the levels of the government.
Coming Together Federations
- The independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit.
- constituent states usually have equal powers.
- Example: USA, Switzerland and Australia.
Holding Together Federations
- Under this, a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national government.
- Under this, central government tends to be more powerful.
- Example: India, Spain and Belgium.
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Defense |
Union List
Subjects of national importance like defense, foreign affairs, atomic energy, banking, post and telegraph are included in the Union List. Only the central government can pass laws on the subjects mentioned in the Union List because we need a uniform policy on important or national issues throughout the country. The Union List has 100 subjects.
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Agriculture |
State List
The state government can pass laws. Subjects like police, local governments, trade and commerce, agriculture within the state are included in the State List. The State List has 66 subjects.
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Marriage |
The Concurrent List
Public order, police, public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries, betting and gambling are some of the subjects that come under the state. The Concurrent List includes subjects that give powers to both the Center and state governments.(52 ITEMS)
Decentralisation
Locals have better knowledge :
Direct participation of the people:
Decentralisation makes it possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a democratic participation. habit of The Local one government is the best way to realise important principle of democracy, namely the Local Self-Government.
Foundation of democracy :
Local governments are most important in democratic system. These are training schools for local citizens and local leadership. These provide political education. The people get familiar about the electoral process, and the proper use of their vote, which is the very foundation of democracy.
Reduction of burden of the Central Government :
It reduces the burden of the Central or State government. These can concentrate on matters of national or state importance in a better way. In this way, the Local Self-Government ensures efficiency everywhere, at all the three levels of today's governance. Indian leaders have recognised the need for decentralisation.
Women empowerment :
At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women in all the local bodies. This has lead to women empowerment
EXAMPLES
- Union List
Defense
Banking
Communications
- State List
Police
Agriculture
Trade
Concurrent List
Education
Forests
Marriages
Federal Govt.
- The power is divided between a central authority and its various constituent units.
- In a federal government, there is division of subjects.
- Local governments enjoy freedom and powers.
- India, USA, Australia, Canada, etc., have adopted a federal system.
Unitary Govt.
- There is only a single government controlling all the powers.
- Under this, there is no division of subjects.
- Local government do not enjoy any freedom or powers.
- England, Japan, France, Italy, etc., have adopted a unitary system.
QUESTION BANK:
Q. Which Constitution does education come?
Ans Concurrent List.
Q. Which level of government of India manages subject of union territories?
Ans. The Central Government
Q. Which administrative authority India manages subjects of union territories?
Ans. The Central Government.
Q. Which institution decides in case of any dispute about the division of powers between center and state?
Ans. The Judiciary.
Q. Which level of government in India can make laws on the subject included in the Concurrent List?
Ans. Subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as the State Government. Such as education forest, trade unions, marriage, etc.
Q. Which state in India enjoys a special status under the Indian Constitution?
Ans, Jammu and Kashmir.
Q. Who is the guardian of Constitution of India?
Ans. Supreme Court.
Q. What is meant by residuary subjects?
Ans. Subjects which do not fall into any of the three lists, i.e. union list, state list and concurrent list. Subjects like computer software and its related issues are included.
Q. Who governs the Union Territories?
Ans. The Union Government.
Q. What is the importance of judiciary in a federal government?
Ans. The judiciary plays an important role in overseeing the implementation
Q.What is Panchayat Samiti?
Ans. A few Gram Panchayats are grouped together to form a Panchayat Samiti or Block or Mandal
Q. How are village Sarpanch or Panches elected?
Ans. Sarpanch or Panches are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village
Q. What is Zila Parishad?
Ans. All the Panchayat Samiti's or Mandals in a district together constitute the Zila Parishad.
Q. Who is a Mayor?
Ans. He is an elected Chairperson of the Municipal Corporation.
Q. What was the main objective of the Constitutional Amendment made in 1992 in India?
Ans. To strengthen the three tier system of governance under Panchayati Raj Institution as well as the Urban local bodies.
Q. What is another popular name of Rural local government in India?
Ans. Panchayati Raj.
Q. What proportion of seats are reserved for the women in the Indian local self government?
Ans. One-third seats.
Q. Which local body looks after the basic civic amenities in big cities?
Ans. Municipal Corporations.
Q. What was the main objectives of the Constitutional Amendment made in 1992 India?
Ans. To make the third-tier of democracy.
Question Bank
1. What is federalism? Explain major key features?
2. Difference between coming together federalism and holding together federalism?
3. India is a federal country? Explain by giving example?
4. Explain union, state and concurrent list?
5.what is decentralisation? Explain its features or advantages or third tier of government ?
6. What are the difference between federal and unitary government?
7. Explain the language policy of Indian Federal?
6.
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