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Natural Vegetation |
- Class: 9th
- Subject: Social Science (Geography)
- Topic: Natural vegetation and wild life
- Resource: Notes, Important Questions
Class 9th Social Science (Geography) Natural vegetation and wildlife – Get here the Notes, Question for Class 9th Nationalism in India. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the Class 9th with good score can check this article for Notes, By practicing this resources candidates definitely get the idea of which his/her weak areas and how to prepare well for the examination.
NATURAL VEGETATION
- Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which is grown naturally without human Aid and has been left undisturbed by human for a long time This ta termed as virgin vegetation .
- The huge diversity in flora and fauna kingdom is due to the various factors.
Relief
Land: It affects the natural vegetation directly and indirectly. The nature of land influence the type of vegetation.
Soil: The soil also vary over space. Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation.
Climate
Temperature: The character and extent of vegetation are mainly determined by temperature along with humidity in the air, precipitation and soil.
Photoperiod (Sunlight): The variation in duration of sunlight at different places is due to differences in latitude, altitude, season and duration of the day.
Precipitation: In India almost the entire rainfall is brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon (June to September and retreating northeast monsoon
Ecosystem
- An ecosystem refers to all flora, fauna and human being interdependent and interrelated to each other in their physical environment .
- A very large ecosystem on land having distinct types of vegetation and animal life is called biome.
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Evergreen Forest |
Tropical Evergreen Forest.
- These are evergreen forests found in warm and wet regions.
- These are found where the rainfall is more than 200 cm, with a short dry season.
- These are found in the rainy slopes of Western Ghats, plains of West Bengal and Orissa and the north-eastern India.
- Trees grow very vigorously, reaching heights of about 60 m and above.
- Some of the commercially useful trees of these forests are ebony, mahogany and rosewood.
Thorn forest
The thorn forests
- This type of vegetation found in regions with less than 70 cm of rainfall.
- This type of vegetation is found in the north-western part of the country, including the semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
- Acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti are the main plant species.
- Trees are scattered, and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture.
- The stems are succulent to conserve water.
- Leaves are mostly thick, and small to minimize evaporation.
Deciduous Forest
Deciduous Forests
- These forests are located in regions of rainfall between 70-200 cm.
- Most widespread forests of India, and divided into moist and dry are deciduous forest.
- Trees of this forest type shed their leaves for about 6-8 weeks in dry summer.
- They are found in regions between 100-200 cm of rainfall, e.g., Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
- Dry deciduous are found in regions between 70-100 cm of rainfall, e. g, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh.
- Trees of these forests are teak, peepal, neem, sal etc.
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Wildlife Animals |
Wildlife in India
- India is rich in fauna. It has bout 89,000 animal species.
- It has more than 1200 species of birds and 2500 species of fish which account for nearly 13 per cent and 12 per cent of the world's total population respectively.
- India shares between 5 percent to the world's amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
- Elephants, one-horned rhinoceros, wild asses, camels, deer, nilgai etc., some of the animals found in India.
- In the Himalayas, yak, wild ox, Tibetan antelope, wild sheep, ibex, snow leopard and the blue sheep are found.
- In the rivers, lakes and coastal trees, turtles, crocodiles and gharials are loud.
- Various species of birds like peacock, ducks, parakeets, cranes, pigeons, pheasants, etc., are found in India.
Forest useful
forests useful to man
1. Forest products : Forests provide us timber, fuelwood, hard wood, bamboos, drugs, spices, etc. These also provide us useful raw material for making paper.
2. Natural environment : Forests provide a natural environment for wildlife which is one of the biggest assets of India.
3. Ecological balance : Forests provide an ecological balance which is vital for the sustenance of all life forms human beings, animals and plants.
4. Livelihood : Forests provide livelihood to many forest communities and tribes.
5. Fertility of soil : Forests add large quantities of leaves, twigs and branches, which after decomposition, forms humus. The humus increases the fertility of the soil and hence, increases crop production.
6. Soil erosion : We know that roots of the plants have the ability to hold soil. So forests help in prevention of soil erosion.
Question Bank:
Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark)
1.What does natural vegetation refer to ?
2.What place does India hold in the world in plant diversity?
3. What is called a biome?
4.Name some animals found in Montane forests?
Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks)
5.How s India one of the twelve mega biodiversity countries of the world?
6. how does relief and rainfall influence the distribution of natural vegetation in India Explain?
7. Where are one-horned rhinoceros and elephant mainly found and why?
8. Explain the colorful bird life in India?
Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks)
9. Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
10. Why are forests important for human beings?
11. Distinguish between Tropical evergreen forests and Deciduous forest
12. Mention the steps taken by the government of India to protect the natural vegetation and wildlife of the country ?