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Political Science |
1. Which of these is not a function of the constitution?
Ans: It ensures that good people come to power.
2.Which of the following is a good reason to conclude that the authority of the constitution is higher than that of the parliament?
Ans:
The constitution specifies how parliament is to be formed and what are its powers.
3. State whether the following statements about a constitution are True or False:
(a) Constitutions are written documents about formation and power of the government.(F)
(b) Constitutions exist and are required only in democratic countries.(F)
(c) Constitution is a legal document that does not deal with ideals and values.(F)
(d) A constitution gives its citizens a new identity.(T)
4. Why is it necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities in the constitution? What would happen in the absence of such a demarcation?
Ans:
It is necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities in the constitution because:
- To ensure that no single institution acquires monopoly of power.
- In case of transgressions, it may be checked by one of the institutions.
- To specify who plays important role in decision-making powers.
- It shows how government would be constituted.
- It lays down some limits on the government and citizens both which are fundamental in nature which should not to be trespassed by government and citizens.
Ans:
It is necessary for a constitution to place limitations on the rulers:
- These units are fundamental in the sense that the rulers may not trespass them.
- Citizens have been specified certain fundamental rights in Constitution to limit powers of rulers.
- Citizens have been granted some basic rights of liberties also, For Example freedom to form trade union and associations, etc. which cannot be checked by the government.
- Only during the national emergency or in national interest, these rights may be withdrawn during some specific periods.
Ans:
The Constitution of a country is a written document which prescribes it to be a supreme law of the country to decide the structure of the government along with the rights and duties of citizens. The Constitution speaks of who would play a vital role in decision-making powers.
7.What are the features of the Constitution?
Ans:
- It is the Supreme Law of Country.
- It maintains a relationship between the government and the citizens of country.
- It constitutes the structure of the government.
- It tells who would play an important role in decision-making powers.
Preamble to the Constitution is an introductory part of Constitution which enables the people to assess and evaluate the performance of government in the light of objectives laid down into the Preamble.
Ans:
Liberty: It is stated in the Preamble as a goal that the people should have liberty of thought, expression, belief and faith, jfeftthe state should remove the obstacles for the individuals to enjoy freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
Equality: The Preamble to the Constitution always emphasizes to remove any sort of discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, race, colour, caste, etc. by making the provisions:
- Article 14— Equality of Justice
- Article 15—Social equality
- Article 16—Equality to achieve administrative services
- Article 17—Untouchability is removed (Social inequality)
- Article 18—All the designations except academic and military were finished.
Chapter 2
Rights and Duties in the Indian Constitution
1. What do you mean by rights?
Ans:
Rights are conditions of social life to be given by society and recognized by the state to promote welfare of the people.
2. What does ‘duty’ stand for?
Ans:
Duty is the performance towards others, i.e. towards people, or nation or society, etc.
3.What are ‘Fundamental Rights’?
Ans:
‘Fundamental Rights’ are granted by the Constitution of India to its citizens to be mandatory for the development and progress of the people.
4.Why Fundamental Rights are important?
Ans: Fundamental Rights are important because:
- These Rights ensure all those freedoms which make one’s life worth living.
- Fundamental rights provide equality of status and opportunity as well as protect individuals from any type of exploitation.
5.What does the Right to Equality stand for?
Ans:
Right to Equality stands for:
- All citizens of India are equal before law.
- This is an important right to abolish inequality among people of different castes and religion as well as between man and woman.
6.Who has the power to amend the Fundamental Rights?
Ans:
The Parliament has the right to amend the Fundamental Right.
7.Why Right to Freedom of Religion is an important right?
Ans:
The Right to Freedom of Religion is important because:
- Religion is a matter of faith, relates to conscience of a person.
- Citizens are free to adopt any religion.
- Citizens can opt any mode of worship as per choice.
- Citizens are free to manage their own religious affairs.
8.What is the importance of Article 21 of Indian Constitution?
Ans:
Article 21 provides protection of life and personal liberty, i.e. no person shall be deprived of one’s life except according to the procedure established by law of India.
9.What do you mean by ‘Right to Freedom’?
Ans:
Right to Freedom implies:
- Freedom of speech and expression.
- To assemble peacefully and without arms.
- To form associations and unions.
- To move freely inside territory of country.
10. What do you mean by the ‘Right to Work’?
Ans:
Right to work includes:
- It is the duty of the state to provide a work to all citizens to earn one’s own livelihood.
- There should be efforts to remove unemployment from the society.
- Every state is responsible to make its citizens mentally and morally fit for struggle of life.
11.Mention any two discrimination’s against women in our society.
Ans:
- Normally women are low paid workers rather than a man as well as women are not economically independent.
- Women are illiterate in our society which is the main reason for the backwardness of women. Mostly parents prefer education of a boy- child rather than a girl-child.
12.Mention the six Fundamental Rights granted by the Constitution of India along with importance of these rights.
Ans:
The Constitution of India guarantees six Fundamental Rights as follows:
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies These rights are of great importance because:
- These rights assure a man for his overall development.
- Without these rights, one’s life cannot be made worth living.
- If these rights are violated, the court is responsible to justice.
13.Mention some Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens.
Ans:
In 1976, by 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, ten fundamental duties were inserted. Some of them are as follows:
i) To safeguard the sovereignty and integrity of the nation.
ii) To protect the country and even to serve whenever needed.
(iii) To protect and safeguard those great ideals with which we succeeded in the national struggle.
(iv) To abide by the Constitution and to respect its ideals, National flag and National Anthem.
Answer:
(i) The Fundamental Rights are not absolute because some restrictions can be imposed in the interest of public order, decency or morality.
(ii) These rights are justiciable.
(iii) The state cannot make a law which may violate the Fundamental Rights.
(iv) Some rights are available to all as the Right to Life and personal liberty and some rights are available to only citizens as the Right to Freedom of speech and expression.