- Class: 10th
- Subject: Social Science (Geography)
- Topic: Minerals and Energy Resources
- Resources: Notes, Important Questions
Class 10 Social Science (Geography ) -Minerals and Energy Resources Get notes here, questions for class 10. Those candidates who are ambitious to pass class 10 with good marks, can check this article for notes, by practicing this resource, the candidates get to know that their weak areas and good for the exam How to prepare.
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| Uses if Minerals |
minerals
Homogenous, naturally occurring substances with a definable internal structure are known as minerals. Coal, iron ore, petroleum, marble etc.
Classification of minerals
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| Minerals |
1. Metallic minerals:
(I) Metals are malleable, i.e., they can be beaten TOTOL into sheets.
(ii) Metals are ductile, i.e., they can be drawn into wires.
(iii) Metals are good conductor of heat and total electricity.
(iv) All metals are solid except mercury.
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| Ferrous |
(1) Ferrous minerals: The minerals which contain iron ore are known as ferrous minerals. Iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. are some of the important ferrous minerals.
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| Non Ferrous |
(ii) Non-ferrous Minerals :Minerals containing metals other than iron ore are known as non-ferrous minerals. Gold, silver, platinum, etc. are called non-ferrous minerals.
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| Gold and Silver |
(iii) Precious minerals: The minerals which have very high economic value are known as precious minerals for example gold, silver, platinum, etc.
2. Non-metallic minerals:
(1) Non-metals are brittle in nature.
(ii) Non-metals are non ductile.
(iii) Non-metals are bad conductor of heat and electricity except graphite.
(iv) Non-metals may be solid, liquid or gas.
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| Energy |
3. Energy minerals:
The minerals which provide energy or power are known as energy minerals. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are the most important energy resources.
Conventional sources of energy
(i) These are non renewable sources of energy. e.g. coal and petroleum.
(ii) These are going to last long just for 100 200 years.
(iii) These cause air and water pollution.
Non-conventional sources of energy
(1) These are renewable sources of energy. e.g. solar energy, wind energy.
(ii) These are going to last long forever.
(i) These do not cause any pollution.
TYPES OF COAL
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| Coal |
Anthracite coal
(i) It is the best quality of coal.
(ii) It causes very less ( pollution.
(iii) It has more calorific value i.e., it gives more energy.
(iv) It contains more percentage of carbon in it, i.e., 80%.
(v) In India, it is found only in Jammu and Kashmir.
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| Coal |
Bituminous coal
(1) It is the low quality of coal.
(ii) It causes pollution more.
(iii) It has less calorific value, i.e., it gives less energy.
(iv) It contains less percentage of carbon in it, i.e., 60-80%.
(V) In India, it is found in Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal and Chhattisgarh.
Natural gas and Biogas
Natural gas
(1)It is a mixture of combustible, gaseous hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons occurring frequently with petroleum in the rocks of the earth's crust.
(ii) It is used as a raw material in the petrochemical.
(iii) It is transported from one place to another through pipe lines.
(iv) It is mainly used in urban areas.
Biogas
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| Bio gas |
(1) Biogas is formed by the decomposition of animal and plant waste with the help of microorganisms in the presence water. of
(ii) It is used as a fuel, and for lighting homes.
(iii) This gas is produced commercially in tanks by manure.
(iv) It is mainly found in rural areas.
Features of Minerals
(i)Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives or for an economy because :
(ii) Everything we use, from a tiny pin to towering building or a bus, or a big ship, all are made from minerals.
(iii) The country earns foreign exchange from the export of minerals.
(iv) Mining and extraction of minerals provide employment to the people.hor ()
(v) Minerals like coal and petroleum are also the main sources of power.
(vi) Industrial development depends on the availability of minerals.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is the energy which is obtained from the nucleus of an atom. The nuclear energy is going to play a vital role because :
(i) Since the demand for energy is increasing day by day, the natural energy sources like coal, petroleum, etc. cannot last for long time. So the nuclear energy will dominate.
(ii) It also releases enormous amount of energy.
(iii) Nuclear power is very economical.
Main Minerals :
(i) Uranium
(ii) Thorium
Uranium mines are located in the Singhbhum district of Jharkhand.
Petroleum
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| Petrol |
(i) It is a major source of power for vehicles.
(ii) It provides the most important lubricating agents, and is used as an important raw material.
(iii) Petroleum refineries act as a "nodal industry" for many industries like textile, fertilizer and chemical industry.
Conserve the minerals
(i) Wastage of minerals should be minimized.
(ii) Modern technology should be used for the exploitation of minerals.
(iii) Export of minerals should be minimised.
(iv) We should think about the use of substitutes in order to save minerals.
(v) We should encourage recycling of metals.
Iron ore
Magnetite
(i)It is the finest iron ore , It with a very high in content of iron upto 72 per cent.
(ii)It is the most important input in the electrical industry.
Haematite
(i) It has slightly lower iron content than magnetite, ie, 50-60 per cent.
(1) It is the most important input in iron industry.
Distributions of Minerals
Odisha-Jharkhand belt:
This belt is the leading producer of iron ore in India. In Odisha, high grade haematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar districts. Palamau and Singhbhum districts of Jharkhand are the important producers of haematite iron ore.
Durg-Bastar-Chandarpur:
The belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. The belt is known for high grade haematite which is found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. The range of hills consists of 14 deposits of super high grade haematite iron ore. It has the best physical properties needed for steel making. It is exported to Japan and South Korea via the Vishakhapatnam port.
Bellary-Chitradurga Chikmanglur Tumkur:
The belt is in Karnataka. It has large reserves of iron ore. The Kudremukh mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangalore.
Maharashtra-Goa belt:
This belt includes the state of Goa and the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Though the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited. Iron ore is exported through the Marmagao port
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| MAP -1 |
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| MAP 2 |