Get notes here, questions for class 10. Those candidates who are ambitious to pass class 10 with good marks, can check this article for questions and answers, by practicing this resource, the candidates definitely get to know that their weak area and good for the exam How to prepare
class 10Print culture and the modern worldHistory
1. provide evidence to support the claim that print culture had a significant impact on the social lives of women in India?
Ans. Liberal husbands and fathers began educate their womenfolk at home and sent them to schools.
1.In East Bengal, Rashsundari Debi, a young married girl in a very orthodox household, learnt to read in the secrecy of her kitchen and wrote her autobiography Amar Jiban (1876). It was the first full-length autobiography published in the Bengali language.
2.The Bengali women like Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experiences of women about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labor and treated unjustly by their families.
3.In Maharashtra, Tarabai Shinde & and; Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women especially widows.
4.A woman in a Tamil novel expressed reading meant to women who were confine by social regulations:' For various reasons, m world is small... More than half my life's hap piness has come from books ...'
2. Print revolution was not just a development, a new way of production books ;it transformed the lives of people Examine the impact of the print revolution in Europe during 15th and 16 Th century?
Ans
Impact of the Print Revolution in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries:
(i) Printing reduced the cost of books.
(ii) The time and labour required to produce each of the books came down, multiple copies could be produced with greater ease.
(iii) Books flooded the market, reaching out to an ever-growing readership.
(iv) Publishers started publishing popular ballad folk tales with beautiful pictures and illustrations.
(v) Knowledge was transferred orally.
(vi) Print created the possibility of the wide circulation of ideas and introduced a new world of debate and discussion.
(vii) Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate their ideas. For example, Martin Luther was a German monk, priest, professor and Church Reformer. He challenged the Church to debate his ideas
(viii) This led to division within the Church and the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
(ix) Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people.
3 "Print not only stimulated the publication of conflicting opinions amongst communities, but it also connected communities and people in different parts of India." Examine the statement
Ans.(i) Religious texts, reached a wide circle of people encouraging discussions, debates and controversies within and among different religions.
(ii) Newspapers conveyed news from one place to other creating pan-Indian identities.
(iii) Spread of ideas through printed texts and newspapers led to widespread participation of Indians.
(iv) Print propagated against social evils like sati practice, child marriage and the purdah system.
(v) Emergence of many social reforms and reform movements. (vi) New ideas emerged through the clashes of opinions.
(Any five) [1 × 5 = 5]
4. Explain the "calligraphy"? of the meaning term [CBSE 2014, 12]
Ans. Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments.
5. Name the first book printed by the Gutenberg Press. [CBSE 2017, 12]
Ans. The Bible
6. Name the oldest Japanese book. [CBSE 2016, 14]
Ans. The Diamond Sutra, printed in 868 AD
7. Who introduced hand-printing technology in Japan?
Ans. Buddhist missionaries
8. Who invented the printing press? [CBSE 2020, 14]
Ans. Johannes Gutenberg
Explanation: Johannes Gutenberg developed the first-known printing press in the 1430s in Germany.
9. Who brought the knowledge of woodblock printing technique to Italy during the 13th century?
Ans. Marco Polo
10. Wooden or metal frames in which types are laid and the text composed for printing was known as? [CBSE 2013]
Ans. Galley
Explanation: The metal frame in which types are laid and the text composed is called a Galley
11. Why was the Vernacular Press Act passed in 1878? [CBSE 2013]
Ans. The Vernacular Act was passed to prevent criticism of British government by the vernacular language newspapers.
12. Who were the Ulamas? [CBSE 2014]
Ans. They were the legal scholars of Islam and law of Sharia
13. Name the book published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy? [CBSE 2020, 19]
Ans Sambad kaumudi
14. Name the author of Amar Jiban?[CBSE 2020, 19]
Ans. Rashasundan Debi
Related Theory
Published in 1876, Amar Jiban was the first full- length autobiography published in the Bengali language
15. Who wrote 'Chhote aur Bade ka Sawal'? When was it published? [CBSE 2015]
Ans. Kashibaba, a mill worker from Kanpur
16. Why did the Roman Catholic Church impose control over publishers and booksellers? [CBSE 2018]
Ans. It imposed control over books to check the spread of different interpretations of religious texts and books which posed a threat to its position.
17. Define a Fatwa. [Delhi Gov. QB 2022]
Ans. A Fatwa is a ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority
18. How did governor general William Bentinck react to the petition filed by editors of English and Vernacular newspapers? [CBSE 2014]
Ans. Governor-General Bentinck agreed to revise press laws after 1835.
19. Why could not manuscripts satisfy the increasing demand of books in Europe during the fourteenth century? [CBSE 2018]
Ans. Manuscripts could not satisfy the increasing demand for books in Europe during the fourteenth century because they were fragile, difficult to handle and could not be carried around or read easily
20. Who was Menocchio?
Ans. He was a miller of the 16th century of Italy who was executed for spreading self interpreted heretical ideas about the God and the Church
21.What did the Grimm brothers publish and how did it contribute to bringing a change in the society?
Ans. The Grimm Brothers compiled traditional folk tales gathered from peasants for years in Germany. Following are the materials which were published by the brothers.
(1) Post editing the tales, the stories were published in a collection in 1812.
(2) Anything considered unsuitable for children or vulgar to the elites, was not included in the published version. Rural folk tales, this acquired a completely new perspective and content.
However, it only boosted personal interpretation and opinion.
22. How was the rise of print culture supposed to sweep despotism away?
Ans. Among the people of the 18th century, there was a common conviction that books were a means of spreading progress and enlightenment.
(1) These people believed that books could change the world, liberate society from despotism and tyranny, and herald a time when reason and intellect would rule because they gave birth to personal opinion and helped to spread them across the world.
(2) Thus, they believed, that it would channelise people's anger and disillusionment with current government and they would be motivated enough to drive them away.
23. What was Protestant Reformation?
Ans. Protestant Reformation was a 16th century movement which promoted reformation of the Catholic Church dominated by Rome. Martin Luther, a British philosopher, wrote Ninety five theses, criticizing many conservative and morally distorted practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.
24. Mention two features of the new readership that grew in India after journals and novels began covering the stories of Indian women as homemakers.
Ans. The features of the new readership are as follows:
(1) Women's readership rose enormously in middle-class homes because liberal husbands and fathers began their wives, daughters and mothers a home.
(2) Women also became authors and began ( writing about their lives, the of their education and their against the didactic literature and instruction books that were before being printing for them. significance development
25. manuscripts discouraged the people from reading or using them.
Ans. India had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts-in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and other vernacular languages.
Serie problems associated with the use of manuscripts are:
(1) Manuscripts were highly expensive and fragile and could not be carried around easily.
(2) They could not be read easily as the script was written in different styles.
26. How did the attitude of the British government towards the Indian press changed after the revolt of the 1857?
Ans. After the revolt of 1857, the British attitude towards the freedom of the press changed.
(1) Enraged Englishmen demanded suppression of the Indian press mostly because the vernacular newspapers had become assertively Nationalist, spreading the message of freedom and nationalism across the country motivating Indians to unite against the British.
(2) As a consequence, in 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed, modelled on the Irish press law
27.How had the Imperial State of China been the major producer of printed material for a long time? Explain with examples.
Ans.
(1) The Imperial State in China printed textbooks because it possessed a huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel through Civil Service examinations.
(2) The state printed the textbooks for this examination were printed in vast numbers.
(3) These books were published so that students appearing for the exam can study as they couldn't afford them.
PRINT CULTURE AND MODERN WORLD NOTES
28. What is a manuscript? Mention any two limitations of it during the nineteenth century? [CBSE 2016, 14]
Ans. Manuscripts were copies of texts on palm leaves or handmade papers.
Their limitations were:
(1) They were fragile.
(2) They were very expensive.
(3) They could not be read everywhere and they were written in different scripts and styles.
29. How did a new reading public emerge with the printing press? Express in your opinion. [CBSE 2016, 15]
Ans. A new reading public emerge with the printing press because:
(1) Low cost of production: Printing reduced the cost of books and multiple copies could be produced with greater ease.
(2) Accessibility of Books: Books could reach even the lowest and the poorest classes. Access to books created a new culture of reading.
(3) Increase in literacy rate: Literacy rates went up in most parts of Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. New schools and libraries were set up.
Hence, these incidents led to unprecedented rise in readership.
30. Print culture created the conditions within which French Revolution occurred. Give any three suitable arguments to support the statement.
[CBSE 2016, 12, 11]
Ans. This can be asserted using the following arguments:
(1) Print popularised the ideas of Voltaire and Rousseau who criticised tradition, superstition and despotism.
(2) Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate. This gave birth to new ideas of social revolution.
(3) A lot of literature that mocked royalty and criticised their morality was printed by the 1780s raising questions about the existing order.
People questioned everything related to the existing order. This led to the French revolution.
31. How did new forms of popular literature appear in print targeting new audiences in the 18th century? Explain the examples. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. The new forms of popular literature appeared in print targeting new audiences in the 18th century:
(1) In print form, literature could reach a wider group of people and also gave people an opportunity to express themselves.
(2) Almanacs, ballads and folk tales were carried by chapman and peddlers to various localities and door to door to let even the poorest buy them.
(3) Children's press only printed children's material and course books which made them a part of new readership too.
32. Explain three points how print culture developed in India? [CBSE 2011]
Ans. The print culture developed in India by the following means:
(1) India had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, as well as in various vernacular languages.
(2) The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid 16th century.
(3) By the 1870s, besides Urdu, Marathi, Bengali, Hindi printing also began giving voice to local opinions.
(4) Print in the 18th century: By the close of the 18th century, a number of newspapers and journals appeared in print. The first Indian weekly i.e. Bengal Gazette also came into picture in the late 18th century
(5) Print in the 19th century: By the end of the 19th century, a visual culture started
33.Examine the role of missionaries in the growth of the press in India? [CBSE 2012]
Ans. The role of missionaries in the growth of the press in India can be studied as follows:
(1) Portuguese missionaries brought the printing press to God in the mid-sixteenth century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several tracts and books in vernacular languages.
(2) The Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin, and in 1713, the first Malayalam book was printed by them.
(3) By 1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts, many of them were translations of older works.
34. Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas and introduced a new world of debate and discussion." Analyse the statement in the context of religion in Europe. [CBSE 2018]
Ans. Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas and introduced a new world of debate and discussion.
(1) Even the dissenting authors could now publish and present their ideas. This would further lead to debates and discussions.
(2) Through the printed message, they could persuade people to think differently, and move them to action.
(3) Various ideas could be widely accessed by common man which made him consider other options as this widened his Perspective.
35.What led to the colonial government to pass the Vernacular Press Act in 1879? How did it affect the vernacular newspaper?
[CBSE 2015]
Ans. The Vernacular Act was passed because:
(1) Nationalists in India used print media to criticize the British rule and their despotic policies creating pan-India identities.
(2) As vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist, the Colonial government had to take strict measures to protect their rule.
(3) In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed which provided the government with intensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press.
(4) The government started regulating and monitored vernacular newspapers. If it published some material which was considered to be seditious, the government seized the press and confiscated the printing machines.
35.From the late 19th century, issues of caste discrimination began to be written about in many printed tracts and essays". Support the statement by giving examples.
Ans. From the late 19th century, issues of caste discrimination began to be written in tracts and essays to attract the attention of the society.
(1) Jyotiba Phule, the Maratha pioneer of low caste, started a protest movement through his book Gulamgiri. He wrote about the injustice of the caste system.
(2) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in Maharashtra and EV Ramaswamy Periyar in Madras wrote powerfully how casteism was only about exploiting the lower and deprived castes.
(3) Local protest movements also created a lot of journals and tracts.
(4) Kashibaba wrote and published 'Chhote aur Bade ka Sawal' which was a bitter attack on the deplorable conditions of lower castes and workers.
(5) Women authors also wrote several books highlighting this issue