Agriculture class 10th

 

Agriculture

• Class: 10th
• Subject: Social Science (Geography)
• Subject: Agriculture
• Resources: Notes, Important Questions

  Class 10 Social Science (Geography) Agriculture - Get notes here, questions for class 10. Those candidates who are ambitious to pass class 10 with good marks, can check this article for notes, by practicing this resource, the candidates definitely get to know that their weak area and good for the exam How to prepare.

TYPES OF FARMING

Agriculture is an age-old economic activity in our country. Over these years, cultivation methods have changed significantly depending upon the characteristics of physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practices. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type. At present, in different parts of India, the following farming systems is practiced.

• 

  Types of Farming

  Primitive subsistence Farming
• Intensive subsistence Farming
• Commercial Farming

Primitive subsistence Farming

A farming in which the main production consumed by the farmers household is known as subsistence farming. Features:

• Old technology and traditional implements are used.
•  Agricultural fields are small and farmers possess scattered land holdings.
•  Most of the farmers are poor, and do not use fertilizers and HYV seeds.
•  The overall productivity is very low.

Intensive subsistence Farming 

 It is a type of farming i which the agricultural production is increased by using scientific methods and better agricultural inputs.

• HYV seeds and modern inputs are used to increase the production. 
•  More than one crop is cultivated during a year.
•  It is practiced in thickly populated areas.
•  The per hectare yield is very high.

Commercial farming

This is a type of agriculture which involves growing and processing of a single cash crop purely meant for sale. Rubber, tea, coffee, spices, coconut and fruits are some of the important crops which come under the category of plantation agriculture.

•  It is a single crop farming.
•  It is a capital intensive farming, i.e., a huge amount of capital is required. 
•  It needs vast estates, managerial ability,technical know-how, sophisticated machinery,fertilizers, good transport facilities and a factory for processing. 
• This type of agriculture has developed in areas of north-eastern India, Sub-Himalayan region, West Bengal and Nilgiri.

Cropping Pattern

• Rabi crops
• Kharif crops
• Zaid crops

Rabi crops

•  Rabi crops are sown with the beginning of winter, i.e. in the months of October-December.
• These crops are harvested in the months of April-June
•  Wheat, barley, gram and oil seeds are the major rabi crops.
•  Availability of precipitation during winter due to Western temperate cyclones help in success of these crops.

Kharif crop

• Kharif crops are sown with the onset of the monsoon, i.e. June-July.
•  These crops are harvested in the beginning of winter, i.e. September October.
•  Rice, maize, millets, cotton, groundnut, etc. are the major kharif crops.
•  These crops are irrigated mainly through monsoon rains.

Zaid crops

• The crops which are grown in between rabi and the kharif seasons,there is a short season during the summer months are known as zaid Crops. 
•  They require dry weather for major growth period and longer dry day length for flowering
•  Watermelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops are most important examples of zaid crops.

Major Crops

Rice crop

RICE

• Temperature : It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature, and high humidity. This means monthly temperature of about 25 C with minor variation during the sowing, growing and harvesting season.
•  Rainfall : Rice needs abundant rainfall, more than 100 cm. It can grow in areas with less rainfall, but with assured irrigation. Rice is grown in Punjab and Haryana with the help of irrigation.
•  Soil : Rice can grow in a variety of soils including silts, loams and gravels, but it is grown best in alluvial soil with a sub-soil of impervious clay.
• Areas of production : The main rice producing states are West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Odisha, Karnataka, Assam and Maharashtra.

Wheat crop

WHEAT

• Temperature : Cool and moist weather during growth, and warm and dry climate during ripening is needed.  
• Rainfall : 50-75 cm rainfall is required. Rainfall is necessary and beneficial, 15 days after sowing, and 15 days before ripening. A few light winter showers or assured irrigation ensures a harvest.
•  Soil : Light domat (loamy) soil is required. It can also be grown in black soil.
• Important producers : Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are the main producers of wheat.

Sugarcane

SUGARCANE

• Temperature : Sugarcane needs hot and humid climate with temperature ranging between 21°C to 27°C.) Very high temperature is harmful for its growth, while low temperature slows its growth.  Rainfall : It grows best in areas receiving 75 cm to 100 cm of rainfall. Too heavy rainfall results in low sugar content. 
•  Soil : Sugarcane grows on well-drained fertile soil. It can grow on a variety of soils including black, alluvial, loamy and reddish loam. 
•  Areas of Production : Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane. The other states in the Ganga Plain.

  

  Tea

TEA

• Temperature: requires temperature for the growth of plant is 20°C to 30°C.
•  Rainfall: It requires an annual rainfall of about 150-300 cm. lion Soil: The plant requires a light loamy soil. 
•  Producers: Assam, Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

  

  Coffee

COFFEE

•  Temperature:It requires temperature for the growth of plant is 15°C to 28°C.

•  Rainfall: It requires an annual rainfall of about 150-200 cm. 

•  Soil: The plant requires red and laterite soil.

•  Producers: Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.

  

  Cotton crop

COTTON

•  Cotton requires more than 21°C of temperature.

•  50-100 cm of rainfall is required

•  Frost free days are must during picking days

• Deep domat (loamy) and black soil is required.
•  Cotton is mainly grown in  Gujarat and Maharashtra.

  

  Jute is also Known as Golden Fiber 

 JUTE

• Jute requires temperature of Jute 30° C.
•  Near about 150 cm of rainfall is required.
•  Hot and humid climate is required.
• Well drained fertile loamy soil is required.
•  Eastern states of the country are ideal for jute cultivation.

 Initiatives have been taken by government to ensure an increase in agricultural production 

•  Institutional Reforms: To increase production in agriculture, the government has introduced some institutional measures which include collectivisation 

•  Subsidies : The government is providing huge subsidies on the agricultural inputs. At present, maximum subsidy is being given on fertilizers. 

•  HYV Seeds and Agriculture Universities: In order to enhance production, the government is providing HYV seeds to the farmers. Special seminars are also being held. Many new agricultural universities have been established

•  Public Procurement System and Agriculture Price Commission : Agriculture Price Commission has been set up which declares the prices of agricultural products in advance so that the farmers may know what they are going to get for their agricultural products. Government agencies like the FCI. (Food Corporation of India) purchase the agricultural products from the farmers.

•  Crop Insurance and Agricultural Finance : As we are aware that the Indian agriculture mainly depends on nature

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QUESTION BANK

Q. What is agriculture?

Ans The art and coding solving crops and rearing livestock including animal husbandry and forestry.

Q. Name any two farming system (agriculture type) which are practiced in India.

Ans. (a) Primitive subsistence

(b) Commercial farming .

Q. Name any four agricultural products exported by India?

Ans.(b) Coffee

 (a) Tea (c) Spices

(d) Jute

Q. What Is primitive subsistence farming ? 

                       Or 

What type of farming is practiced by using primitive tools ? 

 Ans. It is a type of agriculture / farming which is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, doa, digging sticks and family / community labour.

Q. Which type of agriculture is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools ? 

Ans. Primitive subsistence farming.

Q. What is Intensive subsistence farming ? 

Ans. It is a type of farming practiced in areas with high density of population using modem inputs .

Q. Name any two states where commercial farming is practiced. 

Ans. Punjab and Haryana 

Q.8. Mention any four plantation crops produced In India.

 Ans. Tea, coffee, rubber and sugarcane. 

Q. Mention any one factors which play an Important role In the development of plantations 

Ans. (1) Developed network of transport and communication connecting the plantation area

Q. Which type of activity in agriculture?

 Ans. Primary activity 

Q. What are the factors on which primitive subsistence farming depend? 

Ans. Primitive Subsistence Farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the suitability of other environmental conditions to grow the crops 

Q. What is 'slash and burn agriculture known as in north-eastern states of India in the and Madhya Pradesh, in Mexico and central America? 

Ans. Jhuming in north-eastern states of India.

 Bewar' or Dahiya' in Madhya Pradesh and 'Kuruwa' in Jharkhand. Milpa in Mexico and central America 

                     

Q. What is Jhumming? 

OR

Describe Jhumming cultivation in one sentence. 

Ans. Jhumming is the local name of 'slash and burn' agriculture in north-eastern stat India .

Q. In which type of area is intensive subsistence farming practised?

Ans. Intensive subsistence farming is practised in the area of high population pressure on land. 

 Q. The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another Example ?

Ans. The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another example: rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but it is a subsistence Odisha.

Q. What are the factors that play an important role in the development of plantation? 

Ans. A well-developed network of transport and communication, processing industries and market plays an important role in the development of plantations.

 

Q. Name the three cropping seasons ?

Ans. Rabi, Kharif and Zaid

Q. What are the major crops grown in India?

Ans. Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, Sugarcane, oilseeds,

cotton and jute.

Q. What is the staple food crop of the majority of people in India?  What is the India's position in its production ?

Ans. Rice is the staple food crop of the majority of people in India. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China.

Q. Mention some of the most important rice-growing regions of India?

Ans. Some of the important rice growing regions of India are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra along with Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

  

Q. What factors have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall?

Ans. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall.

Q. What is the second most important cereal crop in India? 

Ans. Wheat is the second most important cereal crop in India.

Q. Name the two important wheat growing zones of the country? 

Ans. U.P.

Q. Which is a rain-fed crops? Name the largest producer of this crop?

Ans. Jowar in a rain-fed crop Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar.

Q. Name the major bajra producing states of India.

Ans. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana. 

Q. What is India's position in the production of sugarcane? 

Ans. India in the second largest producer of sugarcane only after Brazil .

Q. Name some products which can be obtained from

Sugarcane? 

Ans. Sugar, Gur (jaggery), Khand sari and molasses

 

Q. Where does groundnuts grow in India?

Ans. Groundnut grows well in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra in India. 

Q. What are the major oilseeds produced in India? 

Ans. The major oilseeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesame (til, soybean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower.

Q. Tea cultivation is which type of farming?

Ans. Plantation farming

Q. For what is the Indian coffee known in the world? 

Ans. Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality.

Q. Which variety of coffee is produced in India?

Ans. The Arabica variety

Q. Which is the leading coffee producer state in India?

Ans. Karnataka

Question Bank :

1. Explain three cropping seasons of India? 

2. What is primitive and commercial farming? 

3. How is the government helping the Indian farmers in increasing their agricultural production? Explain any five points? 

4. Explain geographical condition of wheat and rice? 

5.Distinguish between Tea and coffee? 

6. Explain any three features of Indian agriculture? 

7. Define plantation agriculture? Explain its features? 

8. Compare the geographical conditions required for the production of cotton and Jute? 

9.Explain is intensive farming? Write some features of intensive farming? 

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