Nationalism in India class 10th

Nationalism In India

• Class: 10th
• Subject: Social Science (History) 
• Topic: Nationalism in India
• Resource: Notes, Important Questions

 Class 10 Social Science (History) Nationalism in India – Get here the Notes, Question for Class 10 Nationalism in India. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the Class 10 with good score can check this article for Notes, By practicing this resources candidates definitely get the idea of which his/her weak areas and how to prepare well for the examination.

Ch 3 Nationalism in India Class 10th Notes] History Social Science

Introduction

. Modern nationalism was associated with the formation of nation-states.

• In India like many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is connected to the anti- colonial movement.

1. The First world war,Khilafat and Non-Cooperation 

• World war1 broke out in 1914
• India was under british rule .
• Increse in defence expenditure led to increse in taxes in India.
• Customs duties were increased.
• Income tax was introduced.
• Crops failed in many parts of India.
• This led to storage of food.

2.Idea of satyagrah

• Mahatma Gandhi came back to India in 1915
• Satyagraha means insistence on truth.
• He Introduced this concept during sty in South Africa.
• He organised several Satyagrah in India.
• Gandhi ji organised satyagraha movements in Champara, Bihar satyagraha in 1916, Kheda district of Gujarat (1917) and cotton Mill workers in Ahmedabad (1918).

3. Rowalatt Act(1919)

• The act authorized the British Officers to Imprison any Indian political leader for 2 years without any trial.
• Gandhi ji came out with Rowlatt Satyagraha.
• Satyagraha is an idea, by which a fight true cause without any violence.
• Shops were closed down.
• People went to strikes.

4. Martial Law

• British government imposed Martial law.
• General Dyer took command.

5. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

• On the day of 13 April 1919,Baisakshi Fair was organised in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.
• General Dyer Ordered to close all Exit gates .
• He opened fire on the crowd.
• Thousand of Indians were injured. 
• Rowlatt Satyagraha was withdrawn or called off.

Khilafat Movement 

• Khilafat Movement was led by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali.

• Khlifat committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend the Khilafat‘s temporal powers.

• At the congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, the Non cooperation program was adopted.

6. Non cooperation Movement

• To bring Hindu and Muslims together ,Gandhi met Muhammad Ali and shaukat Ali.

7. Different stands within the movement 

• Launched in January 1921.
• Many Social groups participated.
• All Interpreted the meaning of swaraj in their own way.

The movement in the towns 

• Thousands of students left government schools .
• Council election were boycotted.
• Headmasters and teachers redesigns.
• Foreign goods were boycotted .
• Foreign goods were burnt. 
• Lawyers gave up their practices.
• Liquor shops were picketed.

Slow down of the movement

• Khadi were expensive
• Lack of Indian Insinuation .

The Movement in the countryside 

• Peasants and tribals took over the struggle which turned violent gradually .

Present Movement in Awadh

• Peasant had to do beggar and work at landlords farms without any payments.
• Baba Ramchandra and Pt. Nehru set up Oudh Kishan Sabhas.
• They demanded the abolished of Beggar system.
• Many people misinterpreted the Idea of Gandhi. 
• The present were led by bsba ramchsndra in Awadh against landlords and talukdars.

Movement of Tribals in Andra pradesh

• Alluri sitaraman raju led the guerrilla warfare in Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
• The rebel attacked a police station.
• Raju was captured and executed.

Sawaraj in the plantation 

• For thethe plantation workers , Swaraj means moving freely.
• The government  had passed the "Inland Emigration Act of 1859" under which plantation workers were not permitted to leave the field .
• Workers interpreted the established of Gandhi Raj .
• So this Movement converted Violence.
• In February 1922,Gandhi ji withdraw this movement the incident of Chori chora .

8. Civil Disobedience Movement

The Swaraj party 

• Many political leaders suggested the idea of fighting the Britisher from within the legislative councils.
• C.R Das and Moti Lal nahru formed swaraj party in 1922.

Reasons for civil disobedience Movement 

• Simon Commission of 1927.
• Great Economic Depression of 1929.

 Simon Commissions

• The Indian members of the central Legislative Assembly exposed some drawbacks in the government of India Act of 1919.
• As a result ,The Simon commission was appointed in 1997,to suggest any future reforms..
• This commissions consisted of 7 members and the chairman was sir john Simon. 
• Indians boycotted it, as these were no Indian members in it .
• When this commission arrived in India in 1928,it was met with "Go back Simon"
• During these protest ,the police did lathi charge at Lahore as a result ,Lala Lajpat Rai died

Great Economic Depression of 1929

• Poverty increased by 1930 due to high taxes .

Salt March

• Gandhi ji chose salt as the symbol to unite the nation. as everyone used it in daily life and paid tax for it. 
• Gandhi were started Dandi march with 78 volenters .
• But the Colonial government started arresting all political leaders.
• Gandhi was also arrested.
• Total of 80,000 Indians were arrested.

Gandhi-Irwin pact

• On 5March ,1931 , Lord Irwin , the viceroy , signed a pact with Gamdhi.
• Civil disobedience Movement was stopped by Gandhi ji.
• All prisoners released.
• In December 1931,Gandhi ji went to Landon  for the Second Round Table Conference but returned disappointed.
• Gandhi ji relaunched the civil disobedience Movement but 1934 it lost its Momentum.

9. How participants saw the Movement 

Rich peasants 

• Rich peasant communities expected the revenue tax to be reduced, when the British refused do so, they did join the movement.
• They did not rejoin the movement as the movement was called without revising the revenue rates.

Poor Peasants

• The poor peasants wanted rents of lands to be remitted.
• The Congress was unwilling to support the "no rent" campaigns due to the fear of upsetting the rich peasants and landlords.

Business Classes

• After the war, their huge profits were reduced, wanted protection against the import of foreign goods.
• The spread of militant activities, worries of prolonged business disruptions, growing influences of socialism amongst the young Congress forced them not to join the movement.

Women

• Women also participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
• Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation.

10.Limits of Civil Disobedience

The Dalits or the Untouchables did not actively participate in the movement, they demanded

reservation of seats, separate electorates. 

Dr B.RAmbedkar, the leader of the Dalits, formed an association in 1930, called the Depressed Classes Association.

He clashed with Gandhiji

Poona Pact between the Gandhiji and B.RAmbedkar (1932) gave reserved seats in Provincial and

Central Councils but were voted by general electorate.

The leader of the Muslim League M.A. Jinnah wanted reserved seats for Muslims in Central Assembly. →Large sections of Muslims did not participate in the Civil disobedience movement.

11.The sense of Collective Belonging

• "Vende Matram " is a slogan by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhayay.
• It was future converted into a poem and then in a song.
• It is our National song.
• revert The refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in or buy and use things, usually a form of protest Satyagraha A non violent methods used by Gandhiji against the oppression.

Learning Terms

Khilafat Movement: It was a movement organised by the famous Ali brothers mohammed All and Shaukat Ali to protest against the injustice done to Turkey the war .

Non Cooperation Movement : This movement was launched by Gandhiji in 1920. its aims were to redress the wrong done to Punjab and Turkey and the attainment of swaraj.

Dandi March : Gandhiji, along with 78 of his followers, started from his Ashram Sabarmati to Dandi on the sea coast on foot, and broke the salt law by making salt.

Poona Pact: It was a pact which was signed between Gandhiji and Dr BR Ambedker .The Pact gave the depressed classes reserved seats in provincial and central councils.

Martial Law :Law of military government. When martial law is imposed, ordinary laws are suspended .

Begar: Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payment.

 Indentured labour: Bonded labour where people agree to work to pay off the dept.

Remembering Based Questions

Q. When did Mahatma Gandhi um to India from South Africa? 

Ans January, 1915

Q. Define the idea of Satyagraha?

Ans. The Saturnalia emphasised the power of truth and the need to for the truth

Q. Give reason for the Satyagraha organised by Gandhiji at Champaran in 1916. 

Ans. Gandhiji started Satyagraha at  Champaran against the oppressor plantation system.

Q. Why did Gandhiji organised Satyagraha in 1917 in Kheda district of Gujarat?

Ans. To protect against high revenue demand from the peasants even after the crop failure and a plague epidemic .

Q. What resolution was passed Calcutta session of Congress, in September 1920?

Ans. To start a Non Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat as well as for

Swaraj

 Q. When was Rowlatt Act passed?

 Ans In 1919

 Q.Why was the Khilafat Committee formed?

Ans. To defend the Khalifa's temporal powers.

Q . Name the Act which gave enormous powers to the government to repress political activities

Ans. Rowlatt Act.

 Q.  Name any two methods used by Gandhiji to fight against the Britishers.

Ans. Satyagraha and Non Violence

Q.  Who wrote the book 'Hind Swaraj? 

 Ans. Mahatma Gandhi

Q. What was the theme of the book Hind Swaraj written by Mahatma Gandhi?

 Ans. In the book Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation

 Q.  When did Jallianwala Bagh incident take place?

 Ans. On 13th April, 1919. Q.9. Mention any one feature of Rowlatt Act of 1919.

Q . Mention any one feature of Rowlatt Act of 1919 ?

Ans. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 allowed detention of political prisoners without trail for 2 years. 

Q. In which district of Gujarat Mahatma trial for 2 years Gandhi organised a Satyagraha to support the peasants? 

Ans. Kheda.

Q. What was Mahatma Gandhi's reaction on Rowlatt Act? 

 Ans. Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act.

Q. When was the Non-Cooperation Khilafat Movement launched? 

Ans. In January, 1921

Q . With what object did General Dyer open fire on the peaceful gathering at Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April, 1919?

 Ans His object as he declared was to produce a moral effect to create in the mind of  satyagrahis a feeling of terror .

Q. Why did people start buying mill cloth instead of Khadi?

Ans cloth was often expensive than mass produced  cloth and could not afford to buy it.

Q. What decision was made in Congress Session at Nagpur in December 1920? 

Ans Non Cooperation programme was adopted

Q. When was the Federation of the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industries set-up? 

Ans. In 1927

Q. Who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association? 

Ans. Dr BR Ambedkar

Q.  Why Dr. B.R. Ambedkar clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the Second Round Table Conference?

Ans BR Ambedkar clashed over the Issue of separate electorates for dalits.

Q. Who was Abdul Ghaffar Khan? 

Ans. He was a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi who lead the Civil Disobedience Movement in Peshawar. 

Q. Which name was given by Gandhiji to the dalit or the oppressed?

Ans. Harijan

Q. 13. When and under whose leadership was Civil Disobedience Movement launched? 

Ans. The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930 under the leadership of gandhi ji.

 Q. Name the flag which was designed by Gandhiji in 1921?

Ans. Swaraj Flag

 Q . Which incident marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Ans. On 6th April, Mahatma Gandhi ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water This incident marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Q. What were the colours of the tricolour flag designed during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal?

Ans. Red, green and yellow

Q. What was Gandhi-Irwin Pact? 

Ans. Mahatma Gandhi signed the pact with Lord Irwin on 5th March 1931 Under this pact Gandhi consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London whereas government agreed to release all the political prisoners

Q. 3. Who was the first artist to create the image of Bharat Mata?

                               Or

 Who was the author of the novel Anandamath?

Ans. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Q. Why the rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Ans Because for them the fight for Swaraj

Q. Who wrote 'Vande Matram? 

Ans. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Q. Who was the writer of The Folklore of South India'?

Ans. Natesa Sastri

Question Bank 

1. What was the impact of the first World War on India? 

2. What was Rowlatt act? How did Indian show their disapproval toward tis Act? 

3. Explain the impact of Non cooperation movement in the economic field? 

4. Alalyase the impact of jallianwala Bagh incident on the people? 

5. What was satyagraha? Explain some of the satyagraha launched by Gandhiji? 

6. Explain the course of the non cooperation movement in the towns? 

7. Explain the course of the non cooperation movement in the  countryside ? 

8. Describe the main event leading to salt March and Civil Disobedience movement in 1930?

9. Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalit or the depressed classes? 

10. Diffence between civil Disobedience and Non cooperation movement? 

11. Explain the limitations of the civil Disobedience movement? 

12. Describe the main features of poona pact? 

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