Forest and wildlife resources
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| Forest and wildlife resources |
- Class: 10th
- Subject: Social Science (Geography)
- Topic: Forest and wildlife resources
- Resources: Notes, Important Questions
Class 10 Social Science (Geography ) -Forest and wildlife resources Get notes here, questions for class 10. Those candidates who are ambitious to pass class 10 with good marks, can check this article for notes, by practicing this resource, the candidates get to know that their weak areas and good for the exam How to prepare.
Species in India
Over 81,000 species of fauna and 47000 species of flora are found in this country, the estimated 47,000 plant species, about 15,000 flowering species are endemic to India.
According to the conservation of nature and natural resources (IUCN)
Normal species :
Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, Sal , pine etc..
Endangered Species:
These are species which are in danger of extinction.The survival of such species is difficult if any negative factors have led to a decline in their population continue to operate.
Vulnerable species:
These are species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate.
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Rare species :
Species with small population may move into the endangered category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate.
Examples: Asiatic buffalo , desert fox and hornbill.
Endemic species:
These are species which are only found in some particular area usually an isolated by nature barriers.
Examples: Andaman teal , Nicobar pigeon etc..
Extinct species:
These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely area where they may colour.
Examples:Pink head duck , Asiatic cheetah.
Conservation of forest and wildlife in India:
1. In the 1960s and 1970s, conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme.
2.The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats. An all-India list of protected species was also published.
3.The thrust of the programme was towards protecting the hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.
4.The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened, including the tiger.
Project Tiger
1. Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the authorities realised that the tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century.
2.The major threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc.
3.The trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction.
4.Since India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world, these two nations became prime targets for poaching and illegal trading. "Project Tiger".
5. Corvette national park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans in West Bengal , saridka in Rajasthan are some of the tiger reserves of India .
Classification of forest:
(I)Reserved Forests:
More than half of the total forest land has been declared reserved forests. Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned.
(ii) Protected Forests:
Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest, as declared by the Forest Department. This forest land are protected from any further depetion.
(iii) unclassed forests:
These are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.
Movements:
The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation in several areas but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.
Farmers and citizen's groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown in theat adequate levels of diversified crop f production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economical.
In India joint forest management (JFM) programme furnishes a good example for involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
The programme has been in formal d existence since 1988 when the state of Orissa passed the first resolution for joint forest management.
JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department.