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| Poverty as a challenges |
- Class: 9th
- Subject: Social Science (Economics)
- Topic: Poverty as a challenges
- Resource: Notes, Important Questions
Class 9th Social Science (Political Science) Poverty as a challenges – Get here the Notes, Question for Class 9th Poverty as a challenges. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the Class 9th with good score can check this article for Notes, By practicing this resources candidates definitely get the idea of which his/her weak areas and how to prepare well for the examination.
- Poverty:
It is a situation in which a person is unable to get minimum basic necessities of life, food, clothing and shelter for his or her sustenance.
- Two methods to estimate poverty line :
1. Expenditure method:
(i)Under the expenditure method, the minimum nutritional food requirement for survival is estimated.
(ii) The total minimum food requirement is first measured in calories.
(iii) The calories is then converted into money value, i.e., in rupees.
(iv) A minimum amount which is required for clothes and other requirements is added to the money value of food.
(v) This total amount is considered as poverty line.
(vi) All the families which spend less than the poverty line are considered as Below the Poverty Line families.
(vii) In India, the daily minimum nutritional requirement for a person has been fixed at 2400 calories in rural areas, and 2100 calories in urban areas.
2 Income Method :
Under income method, a minimum per capita income is fixed like in 1999-2000, the income was fixed at 328 per capita per month, and in urban areas it was 454rs.
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| Poverty Reasons |
- Three causes for the widespread poverty in India.
(1) Lack of industrialization:
India is very backward from the industrial point of view. Hardly 3 per cent of the total working population is engaged in the large-scale industry.
(ii) Over dependence on agriculture:
Even after more than 60 years of independence more than 60 per cent of our total population still depends on agriculture for its livelihood. Due to shortage of inputs, our agriculture is backward.
(iii) Inflationary pressure:
Upward trend in prices adversely affects the poor sections of the society.
(iv) Unemployment:
Due to lack of job opportunities, more than 90 lakhs of our total working force is unemployed.
- The non-economic and factors which are responsible for unemployment
(i) Overpopulation:
The well Overpopulation has been rising in India at a very rapid rate but job opportunities are not increasing at the same pace. So this results in unemployment.
(ii) Illiteracy:
Illiteracy is one of the major causes of unemployment in India.
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| Government Plans |
- Four measures taken by the government to remove poverty.
- Poverty alleviation programmes launched by the government.
. The government has launched various poverty alleviation schemes to control poverty.
- The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
1.The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005 was passed in September 2005.
2. The act provides 100 days assured employment to every rural household in 200 districts.
3. Later, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts. One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women.
4. The central government will also establish National Employment Guarantee Funds.
5. Similarly, state governments will establish State Employment Guarantee Funds for implementation of the scheme.
6. Under the programme, if an applicant is not provided employment within fifteen days, he/she will be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.
2. National Food for Work Programme (NFWP):
1.It was launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country.
2. The programme is open to all rural poor, who are in need of wage employment, and desire to do manual unskilled work.
3.It is implemented as a 100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme, and food grains are provided free of cost to the states.
4.Once the NREGA is in force, the NFWP will be subsumed within this programme.
3. The Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY):
1.It was started in 1993.
2.The aim of the programme is to create self employment opportunities for the educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.
3.They are helped in setting up small business and industries.
4. Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP):
1. It was launched in 1995.
2.The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns.
3. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme under the Tenth Five Year Plan.
5. Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY):
1.It was launched in 1999.
2.The programme aims at bringing the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organizing them into self-help groups through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.
6. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY):
It was launched in 2000, additional central assistance is given to states for basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification
- Poverty as a Challenge
Important Terms, Events, Dales and Persons
1. Disguised Unemployment:
It is a situation in which more workers are working in an activity than required The people who are actually engaged in such an activity appear to be employed but are not fully employed.
2. Mass Poverty:
It is a situation in which a large section of people in economy are deprived of the basic necessities.
3. Poverty Line:
The poverty line is used as a measure of absolute poverty. So BPL (Below Poverty Line) is a line which demarcate the people, who are living below the poverty from those who are living above, the poverty line
4. Public Distribution System:
Supply of essential commodities to the poor people through government agencies is known as Public Distribution System Under PDS, the central government has assumed responsibility for the supply of essential commodities like wheat, rice, sugar, edible oil and kerosene to the poor people
5. Poverty:
It is a situation in which a person is unable to get minimum basic necessities of , ie, food, clothing and shelter for his or her sustenance.
6. Seasonal unemployment:
It is a type of unemployment in which a worker is employed during some parts of the year (especially, during harvesting or sowing season), and remains without work during the rest of the year.
7. Unemployment:
Unemployment is a situation in which a person is willing to work at prevailing wages, but does not find any gainful work.