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Gender , religion and caste
Relationship between religion and politics
(i) Views of Gandhiji:
Gandhiji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics. What he meant by religion was not any particular religion like Hinduism or Islam, but the moral values that are there in all religions. According to him, politics must be guided by ethics drawn from all religions.
(ii) Views of Human rights groups:
Human rights groups in our country have argued that most of the victims of communal riots in our country are people from religious minorities. They have demanded that the government should take special steps to protect religious minorities.
(iii) Women's Movements Women's :
Movements have argued that family laws of ride all religions discriminate against women. So they have demanded that the government sub should change these laws to make them more equitable.
Religion influence politics
(i) Gandhiji believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from all religions.
(ii) Ideas, ideals and values drawn from different of religions can and perhaps should play a role in politics.
(iii) People should be able to express in politics, b their needs, interests and demands as a member of a religious community.
(iv) Those who hold political power should sometimes be able to regulate the practice of religion so as to prevent discrimination and oppression.
(v) These political acts are not wrong as long as they treat every religion equal.
Communalism
Communalism can take several forms in politics - in everyday beliefs, formation of parties based on 'communities, campaigning or asking for votes, formation of government, etc.
(1) Communalism in daily beliefs:
The most common expression of communalism is in everyday life. These routinely involve proto religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and the beliefs in the superiority of one religion over the other religions. This is so common that we often fail to notice it, even when we believe in it. arms
(ii) Formation of political parties on the basis of communities :
All the is communities of the world have a quest for political dominance of one's own religious community. For those belonging to the majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate all political unit.
(ii) Political mobilization on communal lines:
It is another frequent form of communalism. Parties based on a particular community make use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and create fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. In electoral politics, this often involves a special appeal to the interests or emotions of voters of one religion in preference to I others.
(iv) Communal riots:
Sometimes, communalism takes the most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. India has suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of part ion.
India remains secular state
(Features of secular state)
Secularism is not an ideology of political parties
No official religion:
There is no religion the Indian state. Unlike the Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Islam in Pakistan and Hinduism in Nepal, our Constitution not give special status any religion.
Fundamental Rights:
Under the Right Freedom of provides to all citizens freedom to practice and propagate religion, or follow any. Under the Cultural and Educational our Constitution prohibits discrimination grounds religion.
Equality:
Three forms of caste politics in India
(1) While choosing candidates:
When parties choose candidates in elections, they keep in mind the caste composition of the electorate, and nominate candidates from bate SIOS different castes so as to get necessary support to win elections.
(ii) While forming a government:
When the governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.
(iii) While campaigning:
Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to people to give them their votes on the basis 102 as of caste. Some political parties are known to favour some castes, and are seen as their representatives.
(iv) Universal adult franchise
the are principle of one-person-one-vote, has compelled the political leaders to raise the caste-based issues during elections. They do so to mobilize and secure political support. It also brought new consciousness among the people of castes that were hitherto treated as inferior and low.