POWER SHARING
Select the Correct Answer from the given options.
Which one of the following countries does not share its boundary with Belgium
(a) France
b) Luxembourg
C) Netherlands
d) Sweden
Ans (d) Sweden
2. In Belgium, the percentage of French community is
a) 54%
b) 30%
c) 40%
d) 10%
Ans. 40%
3.Which language is dominantly spoken in Belgium?
a) Dutch
b) France
c) Dutch
d) Spanish
Ans. Dutch
4. Power struggle demanding separate Eelam was Launched by
a) Sinhalese
b) Tamilians
c) Buddhists
d) none of these
Ans. Tamilians
5 Which of the following is the capital city of Belgium
(a) Bruges
(b) Ghent
(c) Brussels
(d) Brussels
Ans. Brussels
6.Belgium shares its border with
(a) Germany
(b) France
(c) Luxembourg
(d) all of the above
Ans : (d) all of the above
7.What proportion of population speaks French in the capital city of Belgium?
(a) Bruges
(b) Ghent
(c) Brussels
(d) Antwep
Aus : (d) Antwep
8.Power shared among governments at different levels is also called:
(a) horizontal distribution
(b) vertical distribution
(c) slant distribution
(d) none of the above
Ans: (b) vertical distribution
9. A war like conflict between two opposite groups is a country is called in_______
(a)Cold war
(b)Eepic war
(c) Civil war
(d) Name of these
Ans: (c) Civil war
10. Belgium has worked on the principles of:
(a) majoritarianism
(b) both (a) and (b)
(c) accommodation
(d) none of the above
11. Sri Lanka is an island nation. just a few kilometers from the Southern coast of
(a) Goa
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Kerala
(d) Lakshadweep
Ans: (b) Tamil Nadu
12.Majoritarianist constitution was adopted by
(a) Belgium
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) India
(d) Pakistan
13. What is the percentage of Sinhala-speaking people in Sri Lanka?
(a) 74%
(b) 14%
(c) 71%
(d) 19%
Ans: (c) 71%
14. What is the percentage of Sri Lankan Tamils out of the total population of Sri Lanka?
(a) 10 percent
(b) 13 percent
(c) 19 percent
(d) 25 percent
Ans: (b) 13 percent
15. Power sharing is desirable because it
(a) helps the people of different communities to celebrated their festivals.
(b) imposes the will of the majority community over others.
(c) reduces the conflict between social groups.
(d) ensures the stability of political order.
Ans: (c) reduces the conflict between social groups
16.Intelligent sharing of power ie disease among
(a) Legislature and Central Government
(b) Judiciary
(c) Legislature and Executive
(d) Legislature Executive and Judiciary
Aus : (d) Legislature, Executive and Judiciary
17. Division of power between higher and lower level of government is known as
(a) vertical division of power
(b) horizontal distribution of power
(c) union division of power
(d) community division of power
Ans: (a) vertical division of power
18. The capital city of Belgium is:
(a) Dutch
(b) France
(c) none of the above
(d) Brussels
Ans: (d) Brussels
19. Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability
(a) political order
(b) population
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
Ans : (a) political order
20. When power is shared among different organs of the government it is called as
(a) horizontal distribution of power
(b) community distribution of power
(c) coalition of power
(d) federal distribution of power
Ans : (a) horizontal distribution of power
21.Which of the following is not the benefit of power sharing
(a) It upholds the spirit of democracy
(b) Political parties get their expected share.
(c) It ensures political stability in the long-run
(d) It reduces the possibility of conflict between Social groups.
Ans: (b) Political parties get their expected share.
22. An Act of recognizing Sinhala as the official language was signed in
(a) 1956
(b) 1948
(c) 1942
(d) 1954
Ans : (a) 1956
23. Which of the following is not the form of power
(a) Vertical division of power sharing
(b) horizontal division of power
(c) Division of power between people
(d) Division of power among social group
Ans(c) Division of power between people
24. Power struggle demanding separating Elam launched In
A. Sinhalese
B. Buddhists
C. Tamilians
Ans: Tamilians
25. The Principle of majoritarianism led to a Civil War in
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) India
(c) Belgium
(d) Britain
Ans. (a)
26. The Community government in Belgium is elected by
(a) people belonging to one language community-Dutch, French and German.
(b) all the citizens.
(c) all the community leaders.
(d) all the leaders.
Ans. a
27. Power sharing is good because : [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
(a) It increases the conflict between social groups.
(b) It ensures the instability of political order.
(c) It reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups.
(d) It leads to violence.
Ans. (c)
28. Which two languages are generally spoken in Belgium? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
(a) French and English
(b) Dutch and English
(c) French and Dutch
(d) Dutch and Sinhala
Ans. (c)
29.horizontal sharing of power?
(a) Power sharing between different states
(b) Power sharing between different organs of the government.
(c) Power sharing between different levels of the government.
(d) Power sharing between different political parties.
Ans. (b)
30.'Sri Lankan Tamil' refers to which of the following? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
(a) Tamil Muslim
(b) Tamil native of the country
(c) Tamil whose forefathers came from India in the colonial period
(d) Tamil Hindu
Ans. (C)
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31.Division of powers between higher and lower levels of government is called: [CBSE Sept. 2010]
(a) Horizontal distribution
(b) Parallel distribution
(c) Vertical division
(d) Diagonal division
Ans. (c)
32.Modern democracies maintain check and balance system. Identify the correct option based on the horizontal power sharing
(a) Central government, state government, local arrangement. bodies.
(b) Legislature, executive, judiciary.
(c) Among different social groups.
(d) Among different pressure groups.
Ans. (b)
33.Which major social group constituted the largest share in population of Sri Lanka?
[CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2020 (D), 2021 Term-I]
(a) Sinhala's
(b) Sri Lankan Tamils
(c) Indian Tamils
(d) Muslims
Ans. (a)
34. In Sri Lanka, the democratically elected government adopted a series of which measures to establish Sinhala supremacy ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
(a) Community Government
(b) Federal Government
(c) Majoritarian Government
(d) Prudential Government
Ans. (c)
35.Which one of the following systems of power sharing is called checks and balances?[CBSE Sept. 2011)
(a) Horizontal distribution of powers
(b) Federal division of powers
(c) Separation of powers
(d) Power shared among different levels of government
Ans. (a)
36.Which one of the following elements in not Included in the Belgium model? (CBSE 2021, Term-l
(a) Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the government.
(b) Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments.
(c) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
(d) There is a community government which has special powers of administration.
Ans. (a)
37. Identify 'Horizontal power sharing' arrangements among the following in modern democracies. [CBSE 2021, Term-l]
(a) Different organs of government
(b) Governments at different levels
(c) Different social groups
(d) Different parties, pressure groups and movements
Ans. (a)
38. Community Government is :
(a) A general government for the entire country
(b) A government elected by the people belonging to one language community
(c) A social division based on shared culture
(d) A government which literally means "rule by the people".
Ans. (b)
39.The other name for regional government in India is : [CBSE Sept. 2011)
(a) Provincial Government
(b) State Government
(c) Community Government
(d) None of these
Ans b
power Sharing notes (Click here)
HIGHLIGHTS
1. In a democracy all power does not rest with any one organ of the government. An intelligent sharing of power among legislature, executive and judiciary is very important.
Case Study of Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka:
2. Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a few kilometers off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu.
3.Diverse population: The major social groups are:
- Sinhala-speakers (74 per cent )
- Tamil-speakers (18 per cent ):
Among Tamils there are two sub-groups.
- Tamil natives of the country are called 'Sri Lankan Tamils'(13percent).
4.They are concentrated in the north and east part of the country.
5. The rest, whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial period, are called 'Indian Tamils'.
6. Religion: Most of the Sinhala speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims.
8. Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948 and adopted a series of Majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
9. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs but their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied.
10. By 1980s, several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
11. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a Civil war which ended in 2009.
12. Case Study of Accommodation of various Ethnic communities in Belgium:
- Belgium is a small country in Europe. It has borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany, and Luxembourg.
13. Complex Ethnic Composition:
- 59 per cent people: live in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.
- 40 per cent people: live in the Wallonia region and speak French.
In the Capital city Brussels:
- 80percent:Frenchspeakers
- 20percent:Dutchspeakers
14. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French Speaking:
15. Accommodative path used by Belgium: They recognised the existence of regional differences
16.No decisions by one community unilaterally: Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group.
17. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
18. There is a third kind of government called 'community government' which is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational, and language- related issues.
19.Need of Power Sharing:
- Reduce the possibility of Conflict between Social Groups:
It helps in ensuring Political order as social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.
Imposing the will of majority community undermines the unity of the nation.
- Uphold the spirit of Democracy:
A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live
with its effects.
20.Forms of Power-Sharing:
- Among different Organs of the Government: Such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
- Horizontal Distribution of Power: It allows different organs of government placed at the same
level to exercise different powers.
- Checks and Balances of power: None of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
For example: Although, judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of
executive or laws made by the legislatures.
Among the Governments at different levels:
- Vertical Division of power: It involves higher and lower levels of Government.
- Federal government: A general Government for the entire country. In India, they are known as the Central or Union Government.
- GovernmentatProvincialorRegionallevel:InIndia,theyareknownasStateGovernments.
- No specific model: There are many countries where there are no provincial or state governments. But in countries like India, the Constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government.
Among different Social Groups:
Such as the religious and linguistic groups.
In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power.
By way of Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements: These control or influence those in power.
Power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social
groups in a democracy.
Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form
an alliance to contest elections and forms government.
In a democracy, Interest groups such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and
industrial workers also have a share in governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or bringing influence on the decision-making process.
Interesting points
21. Brussels is the Headquarter of European Union.
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