Manufacturing Industries class 10

 

Manufacturing Industries

• Class: 10th
• Subject: Social Science (Geography)
• Subject: Manufacturing Industries
• Resources: Notes, Important Questions

  Class 10 Social Science (Geography) Manufacturing Industries - Get notes here, questions for class 10. Those candidates who are ambitious to pass class 10 with good marks, can check this article for notes, by practicing this resource, the candidates definitely get to know that their weak area and good for the exam How to prepare.

 manufacturing 

Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable, products is called manufacturing For example paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore and aluminium from bauxite.

Industrial Location

Importance of the manufacturing Industries

Employment : Manufacturing industry is the main source of employment for a large number of skilled as well as unskilled workers.

Foreign exchange: Export of manufactured goods brings foreign exchange to India.

 Reduction of pressure on land: Manufacturing industry reduces pressure on land by providing employment to workers

 Daily needs : Manufacturing industry produces products of daily needs, and helps the common people to fulfill their basic needs. 

 Utilization of Natural Resources: Utilization of huge volume of natural resources has become possible with the development of industries in the country.

Classification of Industries

On the basis of raw materials

Agro-based Industries

•  Industries which are dependent on agriculture to obtain their raw materials are called agro-based industries.
  
•  They generally provide employment in rural areas. 
  
•  They mostly produce consumer goods.
•  Examples are Sugar, jute, textile, cotton, etc.

Mineral-based Industries

•  Industries which are dependent on mineral resources to obtain their raw material are called mineral-based industries.
•  They usually provide employment! both in rural and the urban areas.
•  These industries produce both consumer and value based goods. 
•  Examples are Iron and steel, engineering ship-building, machine tools, etc.

On the basis of Capital Investment

Large-scale Industries

•  These are the industries in which investment is more than 7 crore. 
•  These industries requires more capital
•  It is a capital intensive industry. 
•  Examples are Iron and steel, cotton textile, cement, etc.

Small-scale Industries

• These are the industries in which investment is less than 5 crore.
•  These industries requires less capital.
• It is a labour intensive industry. 
• Examples are, Garment industry, soap making, radio industry, etc.

On the basis of Ownership

Cooperative sector

•  Cooperative sector industries are run on a cooperative basis by a group of people.
•  The capital is invested by shareholders.
•  Examples are, Anand Dairy Farm in Gujarat, sugar industry in U.P. and Maharashtra.

Private sector

•  Private sector industries are owned by the individuals or firms.
•  The capital is invested by individuals or firms organised by the individuals.
•  Examples are, Tata Iron and Steel Co., Cotton Textile Mills, etc.

Joint sectors

•  These industries are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.
•  Raw material providers do not get any share in the profit made by the industry
•  For example, Oil India Ltd.

Public Sectors

 Public sectors ,owned and operated by government agencies -BHEL,SAIL etc..

Contribution of Agriculture to Industry :

•  Agriculture provides raw materials to industry such as jute, cotton, sugarcane, etc.
• It also acts as a source of capital formation which can be utilized in industry.
•  It provides food to the industrial workers. 
•  Industry provides inputs to the agriculture such as fertilizers, pesticides, tractors, etc.
•  It provides infrastructural facilities.

  Importance of jute Industry.

•  Employment : The jute industry supports about 3.71 lakh workers directly and another 40 lakh small and marginal farmers who are engaged in the cultivation of jute . 
•  Products : The jute industry provides products of daily use like jute bags, ropes, mats, etc.
•  Foreign exchange : Export of raw jute and manufactured goods brings a lot of foreign exchange. 
•   Promotion to small-scale industry : Many products of the jute industry are manufactured by the cottage and small scale industry. So it promotes decentralization of industries.
•  Environmental friendly :The jute products are biodegradable and environment friendly.

The importance of IT sector are as follows:

•  It has provided employment to over one million people. 
• This industry is said to be major foreign exchange earner.
•  It has helped in the growth of the service sector. 
•  It provides employment to innumerable men and women.

Pollution

Industries are responsible for  three types of pollution

Air: Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kiln refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories .

Water: Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers. The main culprits in this regard is paper pulp. chemical, textile and dyeing petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon plastic and rubber etc into the water bodies.

Noise: Noise pollution is due to industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills and cause hearing problems and irritation

Control of 

Environmental 

Degradation

Every litre of waste water discharged by our Industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater. 
 Some suggestions are :

• minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages 
• harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements 
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases

1.  Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, sedimentation.
2.  Secondary treatment by biological process
3.  Tertiary treatment by biological. chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.

Important question bank :

Q. What is manufacturing?

Ans. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials t valuable products is called manufacturing

Q. Give some examples of manufacturing

Ans. paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore d aluminium from bauxite.

Q. Which sector is considered to be the backbone of development? 

Ans. Manufacturing sector.

Q. How have the agro-based industries in India given a major boost to agriculture? 

Ans. The agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by high productivity

Q. By which factors are industrial locations influenced? 

Ans. Industrial locations are influenced by availability of raw material, Labour, capital, power, market, transport and government policies

Q. The ideal location of an industry?

Ans. A Ideal location of an industry depends upon 

•  Cost of obtaining raw materials at site.
•  production at site
•  Cost of distribution of production. 
• Decision to locate factory at site

Q. When s the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) been set up?

Ans. The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with the objective of appropriate policy interventions by the government 

Q. What is agglomeration economies?

Ans. Industry to improve productivity Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as agglomeration economies.

Q. Where was the most manufacturing units located in the pre-Independence period? 

Ans. In the pre-Independence period, most from the point of view of overseas trade. of the manufacturing units were located in places 

Q. Name any three physical factors for the location of an industry?

Ans. Availability of raw material, labour, power supply.

 Q. Name any three human factors for the location of an industry ?

Ans. Capital, market and government policy. 

Industries which supply their products or raw material to manufacture other goods are known as basic industries. Iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium industry are examples of this industry.

Q. What are consumer industries? Give an example. Define small scale industry ?

Ans. Industries that produce goods which are directly used by consumers industries eg. sugar, toothpaste, paper, fans, sewing machines, etc.

Q. Define small scale industry. What is the limit of maximum investment allowed in a small scale industry?

Ans. A small-scale industry is defined with reference to the maximum investment allowed the establishment of a unit.

 Q .What do you mean by mineral based industries?

Ans. Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries.

Q. Which is regarded as the index of a country's development?

Ans. Production and consumption of steel is regarded as the index of a country's development.

Q. What are mini steel plants? 

Ans. Mini steel plants are smaller, have electric furnace, use steel scrap and sponge iron.

Q. What is an integrated steel plant?

Ans. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications An integrated steel plant is large, handles everything in one complex-from putting

Q. What recent developments have led to a rise in the iron and steel industries in India?

Ans. Latest material to steel making, rolling and shaping developments like liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment have given boost to the iron and industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.

Q. Where is the automobile industry located in India?

Ans. The automobile industry is located around Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai. Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru

Q. What does the electronics industry consist of? 

Ans. The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television telephones, cellular telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other requipments required by the telecommunication industry

Q. Which city has emerged the electronic capital of India?

Ans. Bangaluru .

Q. What is air pollution?

Ans. Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide .

Q. Which industries cause the air pollution?

Ans. Chemical and paper factories, brick kiln, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories .

Q. What is water pollution?

Ans. Water pollution caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers and other water bodies.

Q. Which industries cause the water pollution?

Ans. Paper, paper pulp chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries, electroplating industries, detergents, acids, salts, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals etc. 

 Q. How does the thermal pollution of water occur? 

Ans. Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal power plants is drained into water bodies before cooling

Q. What is NTPC?

Ans. NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is a major power providing corporation in India. 

Important questions :

Q. What is the importance of manufacturing industries? 

Or

"The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries". Support the statement with arguments.

2."Agriculture and industries go hand in hand". Explain. 

 Or

Explain with examples, how industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture.

Ans. Contribution of Agriculture to Industry:

•   Agriculture provides raw materials to industry such as jute, cotton, sugarcane, etc.
•  It also acts as a source of capital formation which can be utilised in industry.
•  It provides food to the industrial workers. 

Contribution of Industry to Agriculture : 

•  Industry provides inputs to the agriculture such as fertilizers, pesticides, tractors, etc.
• It provides infrastructural facilities.
• It can absorb surplus labourers or workers of agriculture. 

Q. What is the importance of the textile industry for the Indian economy?

Q. Explain the importance of jute Industry.

Q. What are the different ways in which the industries are classified ?

Q. Distinguish between Agro-based and A Mineral-based industries.

Q. How does industrial pollution degrade environment ?

Q. How do industries pollute air and water? Explain with examples.

Q. Explain any three physical factors for the localisation of an area. 

MAP WORK

Technology park 

Iron and steel plant

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